CONTENTS: Acknowledgments 7 Note on Transcription 11 1 Jewish Lithuania 13 2 The Ancient Heritage 25 3 Ashkenaz 37 4 Lita 51 5 The Council of Lithuania 73 6 The Gaon of Vilna 85 7 Hasidim and Misnagdim 121 8 A Land for Jewish Tradition 143 9 Individualists and Modernists 199 10 Hebrew Comes to Life 223 11 Yiddish Comes to Modern European Culture 241 12 Times of Revolution 299 13 In Four New Republics 317 14 Lithuanian Jewish Art 343 15 Today 355 Appendix: The Karaites of Lithuania 369 For Further Reading 375 Index 383 List of Maps: Lita (Líte): Jewish Lithuania. Approximate territory of Northeastern Yiddish 16 Grand Duchy of Lithuania (13th - 16th centuries) compared with Jewish Lithuania (Lita/Líte) in modern times 19 From Babylonia to Lithuania 26 The Jewish culture territories of medieval Europe 35 The eastward expansion of Ashkenaz in Poland and Lithuania 47 Dialects of the Yiddish language 49 The regions of Jewish Lithuania: Traditional Yiddish designations 55 The coterritorial Languages of the Litvaks 56 Lita (Líte): Jewish Lithuania. Approximate territory of Northeastern Yiddish 58 Rise of Lithuania as the world center of rabbinic scholarship: illustrative rabbinic wanderings until the time of the Gaon of Vilna 64 The Council of the Lands 75 Cities and towns in the Gaon's family background 87 The Great Synagogue courtyard in Vilna 114 Partition of the Lithuanian-Polish Commonwealth 130 Cultural boundaries within Eastern European Jewry 144 Major new Lithuanian yeshivas from the Gaon's time onward 147 Towns where three or more Lithuanian Hebrew writers were born 226 Towns where three or more Lithuanian Yiddish Writers were born 248 The Pale of Settlement within Russia in the 19th century: Lithuanian Jewry within the Pale 300 Lithuanian Jewry within East European Jewry after the 1815 Congress of Vienna 303 Gubernias (Russian Empire provinces) on the territory of traditional Jewish Lithuania (Lita/Líte) in 1900 307 The interwar years: Litvaks find themselves in four new republics 319 Nation states on the territory of Traditional Jewish Lithuania (Lita/Líte) in 1970 356 Modern states on the territory of traditional Jewish Lithuania (Lita/Líte) 357 Dovid Katz is monumental examination of Lithuanian Jewish Culture is the most comprehensive work ever to appear in English on the cultural, linguistic and spiritual worlds of the Litvaks. This exquisite huge folio volume provides an introduction to Jewish history and culture starting with antiquity and leading up through the rise of Lithuanian Jewry approximately seven centuries ago. It covers traditional rabbinic culture of Ashkenazic Jewry, specifically Lithuanian rabbinic and kabbalistic traditions, the Hasidic-Misnagdic conflict, and the various modernistic 19th and 20th century movements, including Yiddishism, Hebraism, Zionism, Socialism, and Jewish Art. ! Uwagi: Obwoluta nieznacznie zarysowana i wytarta. Brzegi stron minimalnie zakurzone.